An Iterative Case Study to Identify Key Factors Impacting on the Implementation of a Web-based Supported Self-Management Intervention for Relatives of People with Psychosis or Bipolar Experiences in a National Health Service: A Study Protocol

Lobban, F., Appleton, V., Appelbe, D., Barraclough, J., Bowland, J., Fisher, N., Foster, S., Johnson, S., Lewis, E., Mateus, C., Mezes, B., Murray, E., O'Hanlon, P., Pinfold, V., Rycroft-Malone, J., Siddle, R., Smith, Jo, Sutton, C.J., Walker, A. and Jones, S.H. (2017) An Iterative Case Study to Identify Key Factors Impacting on the Implementation of a Web-based Supported Self-Management Intervention for Relatives of People with Psychosis or Bipolar Experiences in a National Health Service: A Study Protocol. Implementation Science.

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Abstract

Background Web-based interventions to support people to manage long-term health conditions are available and effective, but rarely used in clinical services. The aim of this study is to identify critical factors impacting on the implementation of an online supported self-management intervention for relatives of people with recent onset psychosis or bipolar disorder into routine clinical care, and to use this information to inform an implementation plan to facilitate widespread use and inform wider implementation of digital health interventions. Methods A multiple case study design within six Early Intervention in Psychosis (EIP) services in England, will be used to test and refine theory driven hypotheses about factors impacting on implementation of the Relatives’ Education And Coping Toolkit (REACT). Qualitative data including behavioural observation, document analysis and in-depth interviews collected in the first 2 EIP services (wave 1) and analysed using framework analysis; combined with quantitative data describing levels of use by staff and relatives and impact on relatives’ distress and wellbeing, will be used to identify factors impacting on implementation. Consultation via stakeholder workshops with staff and relatives and co-facilitated by relatives in the research team, will inform development of an implementation plan to address these factors, which will be evaluated and refined in the 4 subsequent EIP services in waves 2 and 3. Transferability of the Implementation Plan to non-participating services will be explored. Discussion Observation of implementation in a real world clinical setting, across carefully sampled services, in real time provides a unique opportunity to understand factors impacting on implementation likely to be generalizable to other Web-based interventions, as well as informing further development of implementation theories. However, there are inherent challenges in investigating implementation without influencing the process under observation. We outline our strategies to ensure our design is transparent, flexible and responsive to the timescales and activities happening within each service, whilst also meeting the aims of the project.

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